What happened to the super-predators like saber tooth cats (Smilodon) and Dire Wolves that lived in the Great Lakes region during the last ice age? Dr. David Penny, PhD, will share his knowledge, theories and research on the subject of the diverse animal life that existed the Pleistocene Era and their ultimate extinctions. Dr. David Penny, PhD, will share his knowledge, theories, and research on the subject of the diverse animal life that existed in Great Lakes Region during the Pleistocene Era. He will explore the lifestyles of the paleo-indians that also inhabited this area and how they survived with rudimentary tools against such daunting super-predators as Smilodon and Dire Wolves. He will also cover the habitat and topographical changes that took place with the melting of the glaciers; how the Great Lakes were formed and changes from an herbal landscape to grasslands and forests. From climate change, to astronomical events, to humans, Dr. Penny gives his theories on what may have caused the mass extinction of over 70 species of fauna that once populated the Great Lakes region.